Experiment to Investigate the Validation of Bernoulli’s Equation

TITLE Bernoulli's Principle OBJECTIVE experiment  is  done  to  investigate  the  validation  of  the Bernoulli’s  equation and also to measure pressure distribution along venture tube. INTRODUCTION This experiment is carried out to investigate the validity of  Bernoulli’s theorem when applied to the steady flow of water in tapered duct and to measure the flow rates and both static and total pressure heads in a rigid convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of  steady flow rates.The Bernoulli’s theorem (Bernoulli’s theorem, 2011) relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation in a moving fluid (liquid or gas), the compressibility and viscosity of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady, or laminar. In order to demonstrate the Bernoulli’s theorem Bernoulli’s Apparatus Test Equipment issued in this experiment. THEORY †¢ Velocity of fluid is less fluid †¢ The fluid is incompressible and non- viscous †¢ There is no heat energy transferred across the boundaries of the pipe to the fluid as either a heat gain or loss. There are no pumps in the section of pipe For an ideal fluid flow the energy density is the same at all locations along the pipe. This is the same as saying that the energy of a unit mass of the fluid does not change as it flow through the pipe system. APPARATUS EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1, A inspection was done to ensure that the unit was in proper operating condition, so that the experiment will not consist of errors. 2, A hose had to be connected to the nearest power supply. 3, The discharged pipe was then opened. , The cap nut of the probe compression gland was set to such condition, that the slight resistance could be felt on moving the probe, and the water flow created a sound which also helps to determine the flow pressure (by hearing it ). 5, The inlet and outlet valve was then opened. 6, Then the pump was switched on and the main cock was relea sed slowly opened. 7, The vent valve on water pressure gauze was opened and outlet cock was closed with great care until pressure gauze was flushed. , By simultaneously setting the inlet and outlet cock, the water level pressure gauze was regulated, so that neither upper or the lower range limit was overshot or undershot. 9, Pressure at all point were measured and recorded. The overall pressure probe was moved to corresponding measurement level and the overall pressure was noted down. 10, The volumetric pressure flow was determined, by using stopwatch to established time required to raise the water level in the volumetric tank from 3to 7 liters. RESULTS FLOW RATES (L/s)| FLOW VELOCITY AT DIFFERENT MEASUREMENT POINTS (10-3 m/s)| | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 0. 137| 2. 16| 3. 45| 8. 0| 5. 91| 2. 98| 2. 16| 0. 122| I. 93| 3. 07| 7. 92| 5. 26| 2. 65| 1. 93| 0. 094| 1. 48| 2. 37| 6. 10| 4. 05| 2. 04| 1. 48| 0. 114| 1. 80| 2. 87| 7. 40| 4. 91| 2. 48| 1. 80| 0. 116| 1. 83| 2. 92| 7. 53| 5. 00| 2. 5 2| 1. 83| VOLUME(L)| TIME(s)| FLOW RATES(L/s)| 3| 21. 90| 0. 137| 4| 32. 78| 0. 122| 5| 53. 19| 0. 094| 6| 52. 85| 0. 114| 7| 101. 50| 0. 116| POINT (I)| Di(mm)| A(10-4 m2)| 1| 284| 633| 2| 225| 397| 3| 140| 154| 4| 172| 232| 5| 242| 460| 6| 284| 633| GRAPH DISCUSSION it is known that water is a fluid and all fluids have the properties to take shape of the container or wherever they are stored or flow through.Since the fluid cosses through a given path for duration of time there have to be a pressure lose due to the path design or distance or width. Bernoulli’s principle states that if the rate of flow of the fluid is high the pressure will be low and if the slower rate of flow the fluid exerts more quickly (with pressure). CONCLUSION From the experiment it is found that the difference between the experimental and the calculated value are to high, this could happen due to such factors 1, the reading was not taken accurately or either not taken to the very decimal point or per haps parallel eye reading. , Bubbles those were trapped on the top of the tube and could not have been released or seen. 3, The recording the data time might not be accurate. 4, The internal resistance of the water , those were not taken into account during the calculation. 5, The pressure at each manometer tube might not be stable before reading was taken due to in accurate air flow or pressure flow. All the factors mentioned above could play a great role in effecting the results. There are many ways to improve reading one way can be repeating the experiment multiple times and get the average.Considering all factors and the comparison between data collected via multiple values the experiment is successful, and it proves Bernoulli’s principle of fluid motion pressure. REFERENCES 1, http://camillasenior. homestead. com/Activities_Showing_Bernoulli_s_Principle. pdf 2, http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/pber. html 3, http://www. princeton. edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bern oulli. html 4, http://mitchellscience. com/bernoulli_principle_animation 5, http://www. scribd. com/doc/68038037/Experiment-Bernoulli

Aprendiendo Estructura de Datos Como En Primaria

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Embracing Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Race & Modernism in Jean Toomer's Cane - Research Paper Example The research paper "Race & Modernism in Jean Toomer's Cane" investigates race & modernism in "Cane" of Jean Toomer. Tom suffers a gruesome death at the hands of the white people. Although the story is centered around racial issues, the concept of death provokes emotions within the reader, and the graphic description of the death Tom suffers increases the degree to which emotions are induced within the readers. Toomer uses a racial slur to enhance the scene when a crowd member shouts â€Å"two deaths for a goddamn nigger.† The imagery of the death is magnified by the gruesome nature in which it occurs, as Tom â€Å"could be seen within the flames. Only his head, erect, lean, like a blackened stone. Stench of burning flesh soaked the air. Tom's eyes popped.† Toomer’s graphic imagery evokes a reaction, repelling readers with the gory details of Tom’s murder. The text is embedded in American culture and history. Toomer’s story is set in the state of Geo rgia in an unnamed factory town. In â€Å"Blood-Burning Moon† this is not explicitly men-tioned, though hinted at through the name of one of the characters, Old David Georgia. However, since this text is part of a larger collection, it should be known to the reader who has read the preceding texts. The connotations with Georgia – e.g. Southern, rural – may not be known to every reader in the target culture. However, this is not a real problem since they are made explicit in the text. The author mentions that factory town is in the South.

Critical thinking why guns wont make us safer Essay

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Tinker v. Des Moines school District PowerPoint Presentation

Tinker v. Des Moines school District - PowerPoint Presentation Example The two students were suspended for the act. This indicated that the school management and the students’ possessed different values that they were conflicting .This made the parents of John Tinker furious and sued the school for substantial disruption and collision with the rights of others. The tinkers presented their case in the U.S District court where the court ruled on behalf of the school starting that the school management did the best thing by coming up with such a rule. This was to avoid the disruption of the school’s activities. The tinkers did not lose hope for winning the case and appealed the same case in the US eighth circuit appeal but, unfortunately, they lost again. The tinkers never lost hope and appealed the case in the Supreme Court where the court ruled in their favor stating that the armband protest was protected by first amendment speech. The importance of understanding differing values and expressing them persuasively is witnessed in the case where the Tinker’s never lost hope in searching for justice. This portrayed that the school and the Tinker’s had different values about the norms happening in the society. Furthermore, the desire for justice by the Tinker’s shows that people can make a difference in the world by standing up for what they believe. The freedom of free speech is not a right that is given only to be bounded that it exists in principle but not in fact. The freedom of expression is only exercised in areas that the government has provided as suitable places. The ruling ensured that the school management had no ground to take disciplinary action to the students because the armband did not disrupt education. This case explains effectively aspect that any speech or action, which does not interfere a situation of the place, is protected by the first amendment speech (Stader,

MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES DISCUSS THE ROLE OF PROCEDURE IN MANAGING Essay

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Role of Persuasion in Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Role of Persuasion in Advertising - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that it needs to be very targeted, precise and significant for them in order for them to take notice and understand that the particular brand connects with them in the best and easiest of manners possible and hence they should be the ones to buy it for themselves and for this reason satisfy their need or even please themselves more than they had already expected. It is a sure tough job for the people who have to extract the perfect message which needs to be sharpened again and again before it actually gets down to the right kind of people who will make the actual purchase and therefore the product will be sold in the end. However, on the flip side of the coin, this requires selling the product or the brand in the mind of the consumer before he actually decides to go and buy the very same. This is referred as the pre-selling stage and advertising has got a lot to do with it. Psychologically speaking, consumers connect with what is there on the electronic and/or print media for them in the form of a message that says a lot about their preferred brand and lists down the details as to how it could benefit the same person if he or she uses it. Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. This is all the art of selling and it comes under the heading of marketing and for marketing to happen in the first place, advertising is of fundamental importance. Without advertising, marketers can only think of their product lying on the retail outlets waiting for angels to come and satisfy themselves. People need to be told the plus points of their brands (by the company) so that they actually go out and make the eventual purchase which in all fairness, not an easy job for the company, say that is producing a shoe polish which does not stick on to the shoes as much as d o the other competitor shoe polishes already available in the market.

Superstitions in Countries Essay Example for Free

Superstitions in Countries Essay A superstition is a belief in something that is irrational, non-physical and does not follow the rules of science. It is often one action that leads to another without something directly linking the two. Superstition is often associated with luck. Different superstitions often came from beliefs, religions and cultures had in the past and long have been proven wrong. It is a mystery why people dont pay attention to facts and still believe in superstitions. In Serbia Its a good idea to spill some water behind a person whos going to a job interview, headed out on a journey, or about to attempt any sort of endeavor at all. The movement of waters said to symbolize fluidity and motion; just dont spill it on their pants, as that probably wont have the same effect on the interview. In Spain Instead of kissing someone when the clock strikes 12 on New Years Eve, you should eat 12 grapes in rapid succession. Not only does this ensure the coming yearll be a lucky one, it also gives you delicious grape breath (in case you decide to kiss someone after all). In Russia Carrying an empty bucket, or even seeing someone carry one, is a bad omen. This is likely due to the fact that Tsar Alexander II was assassinated by a man with empty buckets for hands. True story. In Turkey Its a commonly held local belief that chewing gum at night is akin to chowing down on the flesh of a dead person. A minty-fresh dead person. In Japan Stabbing chopsticks straight up into your bowl of ricell cause the whole  dinner table to murmur in disapproval, as this is generally only done during funeral ceremonies. Passing food from chopstick to chopstick is a no-no for much the same reason: at funerals, family members pass the bones of the dead person with chopsticks. In South Korea Going to sleep with a fan on in an enclosed space can straight up kill you. This unfounded belief is so prevalent that electric fans are often sold with timers, to prevent accidental death due to suffocation, somehow? In India A solar eclipse pretty much means everybodys staying indoors for the duration. Just about everythings put in hibernation mode from road traffic to the stock market due to the widespread belief the suns rays are toxic during the celestial event. Some also believe that burying a sick child up to their neck during an eclipse can cure them of their ailment because science. In Afghanistan The number 39 is linked (inexplicably) to prostitution, and anyone whose phone number or license plate ends with 39 is a social pariah. People whore 39 years old often say theyre one less than 40 just to avoid the embarrassment.

Flipkart Case Study Essay Example for Free

Flipkart Case Study Essay Flipkart.com is a story of the two young computer science graduates brothers Sachin Bansal (26) and Binny Bansal (25) from IIT-Delhi 2005 batch who left their jobs in amazon.com (an American multinational E-commerce company) in 2007 with a dream to become India’s top retail Outlet In E-commerce Industry. They came up with an idea to sell books including novels online. Flip kart’s timeline shows it was to start as a price comparison platform, but there werent enough e-commerce sites to compare. So, both the Bansals, who were colleagues at IITDelhi, and then at Amazon.com, thought, â€Å"why not start an e-commerce site?† That was the genesis of Flip kart. From an initial investment of Rs. 4 Lakh this So they started to make a website, although it was a bigger task to create a website with 50,000 titles but wouldn’t be impossible for IITians†¦ so finally they created which took about a month and a half to start a basic working website with 50,000 titles and grown our catalogue to over 1 Lakh available titles. On 5th September 2007 they launched the company’s URL i.e. Flipkart.com for the first time in just an apartment room. . The website was launched on 15th Oct 2007. Flip kart is an Indian ecommerce company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. From a start-up with an investment of just four lakh rupees, Flip kart has grown into a 100 million revenue online retail giant in just five years. Flip kart focused on online sales of books initially. The process involved in online shopping for books has gone through drastic changes and is more secure right now. A customer could use our user-friendly web page to place an order, once the order is placed online – the book is taken off the online inventory. In case of unavailability – it will be purchased from a supplier. The Book will then get packed and couriered on the same day. Flip kart is currently tied up with around 12 courier service providers. Flip kart also use Indian Postal services to reach areas without courier providers. Logistics play an important role in our business. But it later expanded to electronic goods and a variety of other products. The key differentiators are Availability of variety of goods of various categories, online shopping experience on the site and post sales experience. Apart from this the Cash on Delivery service is also one of the main reasons which keep it apart from  other E- commerce portals. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flip kart has proven to be of great significance since credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. . Flip kart offers multiple payment methods like credit card, debit card, net banking, e-gift voucher, and Cash on Delivery. IDEA Binny Bansal and Sachin Bansal saw a good opportunity in the market around e-commerce. Also, regular job was not as challenging. The excitement and satisfaction that comes with building something of a long lasting value is addictive enough for them to continue this. They started flipkart.com because they themselves felt the need for a good online book store. E-commerce sector is one of the toughest to get into in India. They believe that they can make a difference here. They wanted to create something which has a long lasting value and which we can be proud of. An attractive neutral name is what they looked for. Good domain names were hard to get. They were looking at names that did not just speak of books alone, but one that could suit any category of Products that we may add in future. Also, they wanted to have a catchy name with high recall potential. Flip kart could in simple terms mean ‘Flipping things into your Kart’. CURRENT POSITION OF FLIP KART Flip kart started with selling books. In 2010, they added to their catalogue media (including music, movies and games) and mobile phones and accessories. In 2011, product launches included cameras, computers, pens office supplies, computer accessories, home and kitchen appliances, personal care, health care, gaming consoles, audio players and televisions. In 2012, product launches includes health beauty products, Life style products which includes watches, belts, bags luggage. In November 2011, Flip kart launched a new Electronic Wallet feature that allows shoppers to purchase credit to their Flip kart account using credit or debit cards, and can subsequently be utilised to make purchases on the site, as and when required. From June 2012, Flip kart allowed people to buy toys, posters and from October 2012, Flip kart entered into apparel retailing. ACQUISITIONS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM 2010 â€Å"WE READ†, social book discovery tool 2011 MIME260, a digital content platform com 2011 Chakpak.com is a bolly wood news site that offers updates, news photos and videos 2012 Letsbuy.com is Indias second largest e-retailer in electronics. Flip kart has bought the company for an estimated US$25 million. ACHIEVEMENTS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM Flip kart owners have been featured in Business Today as one of the top 25 start-ups of 2009.They have been also nominated for Ernst and young award for the best entrepreneur of 2010. Apart from that they have been featured multiple times in start up news as well as mainstream news. Today, they are recognized as number one in the industry. As a testimony to the superior customer experience, the company has consistently recorded repeat purchase rates of more than 50%. They have also managed to get a registered buyer in every small town and city and hope to constantly improve their service standards. Flip kart’s reported sales as follows:- IN FY 2008–2009- 40 million IN FY 2009–2010- 200 million IN FY 2010–2011- 750 million IN FY 2011–2012- set to cross the 5 billion As Internet usage in the country increases and people get accustomed to making purchases online. Flip kart projects its sales to reach US$1billion by year 2014 and is aiming at generating a revenue of 50 billion (US$1billion)2015. Ranks among the countries top 30 website. Customer base of more than 2 million. 30 shipment on daily basis Daily sales have increased to 2.5 crores. POPULAR PRODUCT CATEGORIES 1. Clothing: T-shirts, Jeans, Sports Wear, Trousers, etc. 2. Footwear: Casual Shoes, Formal Shoes, Flats, Heels, etc. 3. Beauty Personal Care: Trimmers, Shavers, Soaps, Brushes, etc. 4. Mobiles Tablets: Samsung, Micromax, Nokia, Sony, etc. 5. Laptops Accessories: HP, Dell, Sony, Lenovo, Pen Drives, etc. 6. Books: Literature Fiction, Biographies, Novels, EBooks, etc. 7. Baby Care Toys: Vehicle Action Toys, Stuffed Toys, Diapers, etc. 8. Sports Fitness: Cricket, Football, Basketball, Badminton, etc. TOP BRANDS 1. Clothing: Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Lee, etc. 2. Footwear: Puma, Adidas, Reebok, Fila, etc. 3. Watches: Casio, Fastrack, Citizen, Timex, etc. 4. TV: Sony, LG, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, etc. 5. Sports Fitness: Speedo, Nivia, Yonex, Cosco BUSINESS MODEL Creating and maintaining a person-to-person trading community Function as a value added facilitator Provide a supportive infrastructure Zero inventory without having traditional sales force Profit centers: Domestic business International business and Payment Largest online trading forum Compelling and entertaining environment Establishing trust safety programs Cost effective and Convenient trading Strong community affinity An intuitive user interface ORDER LIFECYCLE Get the item Procure from Supplier (Just-in-time) (Supplier selection) Keep Inventory (Inventory Prediction, Planning) Clean Check for sanity Pages missing, MRP printed lesser than told to you Pack the item Tamper proof, weather proof, breakage proof Select courier hand-over Courier performances vary across regions a LOT Get tracking id communicate to customer Follow-up for timely delivery Take care of returns (faulty product/user changes their mind) Minimize returns MARKETING STRATEGY Flip kart has been mostly marketed by word of mouth advertising. Customer satisfaction has been their best marketing medium. Flipkart very wisely used SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and Google Ad-words as the marketing tools to have a far reach in the online world. Flipkart.com official Face book page has close to 9 lakh likes. Flipkart recently launched a series of 3 ads with the tag line No Kidding No worries Kids were used to create the adverts to send out the message if a kid can do it, you can also do it. All in all to create a great customer experience. EXPANSION PLANS They aim at 10 times growth and eyes at $ 1Billion sales by 2015. They will look at bigger investments in their supply chain and technology. Investment will be made in large warehouses and increased automation of their process, so that the product is not delayed. They intend to enter in to various new categories and expand their current categories as well. Everything except for groceries and automobiles will be available on Flipkart in future. To go further in the value chain, Flipkart is looking at associations with a larger number of suppliers and partners, both nationally and internationally. PERSONEL ANALYSIS Great customer service Easy to use website, hassle free payment system Cash on delivery/Card on delivery mode of payment Focused on user experience ADVANTAGES Attract users to the site Provide selection Make it easy to Find Discover products Provide details to evaluate a product Description, Specifications, UGC. Price well Have to be competitive to the most obvious options Provide convenient payment options Online, COD Confirm payment CONCLUSION They started off in 2007 by setting up three centres across India without funding. Six months ago, they reached number one status. They are also four times bigger than their nearest competitor. The company started off small; today they have grown ten times over the last one year and aim to touch the Rs 400 crore mark by March 2013.

Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production

Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production Putting Critical Psychology into Practice: A discourse analysis of the production of psychological knowledge; How I live with schizophrenia interview by STELLA BREEZE, Daily Mail 4th November 2003 In this assignment an article featured in the Daily Mail newspaper on the 4th of December 2003 was chosen to be analysed by way of discourse analysis. The article concerned an account of a scientific researchers coming to terms with a mental illness. Diagnosed with Schizophrenia, the individual giving her account elaborated upon what her condition meant to her, how it had been present in her history and who and how others involved in her life had helped her to cope with it. An attempt was made to draw out her perception of this reality inherent to her account, whilst applying it to an established school of psychological knowledge. A critical examination was undergone by way of comparison of her accounted reality and an epistemological model of psychological knowledge. The chosen school of psychological knowledge in this analysis was social constructionism. According to theorists, Social constructionism is based upon the fracture of modernist ideas such as objectivity, rationality and truth (Burr, 1995). It belongs primarily to post-modern thinking and is concerned with how realities are constructed by the subject. It is an epistemology that is heavily concerned with three main principles: the principle of construction, the principle of social and the principle of language (Burr, 1998). It is believed that the individual must construct a reality and live and think within that construction. It is believed that unlike traditional constructivism that the construct is informed and perceived by the locality and proximity of the individual to their society. Furthermore, the construct, in relation to its society, can be understood through the language of that society’s culture. Language is believed to represent what is understood within the language but not what is outside of the language itself (Cromby et al, 1999). That is to say, tha t the language represents a reality reflected by societal values and shared understanding rather than something that exists extrinsically. Essentially, social constructionism is concerned with the usefulness of theories, ideas and points of view contained within someone’s language construct in relation to the power that it ordains certain groups and the action that it gives to the functioning of the people within those groups. Essentially, the psychology of an individual is seen as being immersed within the locality of their culture and cannot have their mind removed from this subjective reality. From a psychological perspective, given the qualitative nature of social constructionism, its use of discourse analysis, its rejection of quantitative methods and objectivity, truth and rationality to gather defining data, it was decided that discourse analysis was the best thing to suit this epistemological analysis. The tendency with social constructionism is to draw out the locali sed meaning of an individual’s account. Or as the social contructionist and analyst Megan points out ‘It is human interchange that gives language its capacity to mean and it must stand as the critical locus of concern’ (Megan, 1994). It is with this in mind, that an analysis was undergone. In the account we see that the person involved has used her scientific definitions and knowledge of schizophrenia to identify her condition. In her account she continually uses the language and construct of scientific rationality to objectify her experience and construct a reality in keeping with that perceived in the psychological domain. For instance, she accounts for her being schizophrenic as different from the norm throughout the accounts of her past. She explains that it became prevalent to her in her first year at university but was easily dismissed due to the culture of the time. She emphasises the importance of social recognition, suggesting that in her teens her different behaviour was not recognised as the culture of the time was understood as having ‘bizarre’ expression (Breeze, 2003). In this we can see that she is indicating to us that she felt bound by social convention, in that it was hard to establish at the time that she was mentally ill (schizophrenic) . However, now she perceives it as such, as the established scientific rational of her current position allows her to interpret her behaviour of that time as such. This is perhaps why she defines herself as a long term schizophrenic and indicates a strong identity with being a sufferer with that condition, which ultimately forms the basic premise for her reality construct. She strengthens this idea of scientific rationality when she empowers herself with the ability to determine her condition. For instance, she states that ‘reluctantly, I agreed to see a psychiatrist on campus and persuaded him that I was OK. I was asked if I had been hearing voices or ever felt I was in a different world, but I just lied and said I was fine. I wasnt diagnosed with schizophrenia for another six years’ (Breeze, 2003). In this we see that she determines that the Doctor’s description of a split world outside of the one defined by the scientific social norm, is true. Whilst acknowled ging that this is the truth she establishes that her denial of these symptoms as lies to avoid being identified as mentally ill. This shows that she is rationalising by splitting her experiential life into that of a normal and objective reality and a confused and subjective sureality as is often prescribed by the reasoning of society and scientific discourse when concerned with behaviours outside of the norm (Bandura, 1986). Having established a real world of socially defined normal behaviour and a foiled world of surreality and madness that defines the schizophrenic stereotype, we see how she comes to terms with the people around her. In her acceptance of the condition and the two worlds as one she states that ‘it was then that it really hit me and I had to deal with everything that goes with the label. Schizophrenia is such a powerful word. I could no longer deny that I had a serious and chronic mental illness’ (Breeze, 2003). We can see here that she is taking into account the discourse of schizophrenia and the stereotypes and social stigma (ignorance) that go with it. She acknowledges that because now her condition has been given a word and therefore set in language, she can no longer deny it. It is not so much the inability to deny having the condition itself, as she clearly identified from a young age that she did have a difference to the perceived norm, but the inability to deny the s ocially constructed idea of schizophrenia that pertains to language and discourse. At this point she goes onto explain the reality of living with her condition in terms of social impact. She states that she ’didnt tell my parents for another two years after I was diagnosed. When I finally did, I said I had mental health problems. They were shocked and worried at first, but have been very supportive, as have my brother and sister’ (Breeze, 2003). Furthermore, she outlines the further reaching social reality that sufferers of the condition must endure. She suggests that ’getting a job is the most difficult thing for sufferers. Id prefer to get in front of people and show them never be dishonest about it, but theres the fear that your CV will automatically be binned if they know’ (Breeze, 2003). This fear of alienation from social normality is heightened with her notion that ’maybe they assume youre going to be unreliable or will take a lot of time of f sick. A lot of people deal with the illness by denial its just that this is an illness’. Here she clearly identifies herself (and any other sufferer) as needing to confront the reality of schizophrenia. But what is the reality of this schizophrenia? Turning to her ‘utterances’ and their significance may give a better indication (Aitchison, 2005, p.42). Through her usage of the words ‘need’ and ‘denial’ whilst determining the action she deems required to facilitate her condition we can see that she is detaching her schizophrenia from her reality construct once again. She has determined that those around her have sympathy and compassion for her condition, like that understood in the research of familial constructs (Robert, 1951). However, we also see the suspicion of the wider reaching social bonds where the ideas of sympathy and compassion are not so commonly found. In these accounts we see that she does not necessarily identify her sc hizophrenia as a part of her reality, but that it is a mental illness that she has to compensate for. Having established the history of her condition and coming to terms with being identified as a person with a schizophrenic condition, she then talks of the reality of her condition, diagnosing it and accounting for it in terms of symptoms. This forms the reality of her schizophrenia in terms of symptoms and episodes; of potentially damaging and unsociable behaviour that need to be alleviated. The focus is put on the need to alleviate these symptoms, much like that of a cold, so that she can operate and function in accordance to social and cultural norms. In this definition of her experiences we see that she spends little time entertaining any notions of significance or attempts to construct meaning for the voices in her head in any way whatsoever. Other than them being defined as a symptom and ultimately a nuisance, she gives them no regard in her account. For instance, she explains that ‘Ive also learnt to be better at spotting the signs. I stop things getting out of hand by t rying to get enough rest and relaxation. I also avoid anything that may exacerbate the symptoms, such as drinking alcohol, watching TV which sends me messages and going out in large groups‘(Breeze, 2003). This certainly indicates that her treatment of this condition is not dissimilar to that of a socially unwanted vice. Furthermore, we can see that she will take social sacrifices due to the idea and significance that she impinges upon these symptoms as indicators of madness within her socially constructed reality. She seems to place a responsibility of the removal of her perceived madness for the benefit of normal society at the heart of her account. This discourse of madness or surreal otherness is at the heart of the socially constructed ideology of sane and is clearly the thing that she fears to enter into. As the post modern critic Roland Bartes puts it, ’Imagine someone who abolishes within himself all barriers, all classes, all exclusions, not by syncretism but by simple discard of that old spectre: logical contradiction; who mixes every language, even those said to be incompatible; who silently accepts every charge of illogicality, of incongruity; who remains passive in the face of Socratic irony (leading the interlocutor to the supreme disgrace: self-contradiction) and legal terrorism (how much penal evidence is based on a psychology of consistency!). Such a man would be the mockery of our society: court, school, asylum, polite conversation would cast him out: who endures contradiction without shame? Now this anti-hero exists: he is the reader of the text at the moment he takes his pleasure.’ (Bartes, 1975, p.3) With this statement we can see how Bartes highlights the strength of social construction as an informer of the way in which we objectify knowledge so that we can perceive things as sane and insane from the perspective of language. Clearly challenging and indicating the flaw in ’Cartesian’ scientific rationality as the governor of what is sane and insane, he suggests that someone who challenges this and essentially sees outside of their localised knowledge construct and its discourse of a socially governed language would be made a mockery of by that society. He even refers to this in terms of conversation, which is what is referred to directly in the account. This is clearly the biggest fear present in the account and central to the person’s definition of her condition in terms of understanding, rationalising and formation of a reality construct. She is essentially using what Homi Bhabha, a post-colonial critic and cynic of established schools of psychological tho ught, particularly in the West, refers to as the technique of applying a ’localised cultural’ definition of her condition and applying it to an illusory ’universal’ truth (Bhabha, 1994, p,62). Essentially, her reality is that her condition is an insane or ’mad’ other that is signified in accordance to the socially constructed sane that is represented in her localised bi-polar language system. The role of ‘agency’ also plays a significant part in her account (Smith, 2001, P.2). On highlighting a very clear socially defined split between what is sane behaviour and what is insane behaviour, she suggests that although not wanting to, she feels relief when she enters the hospital. On craving a perceived agency prevalent in her accordance to the principles of scientific rationality, she feels calm at the removal from society so that she no longer needs to actively suppress and be conscious of the onset of the insane other. She tells us that, ‘Finding it hard to trust your own judgment is part and parcel of the illness. For instance, if there was a noise outside that I couldnt account for I might think it was the voices, so sometimes Id ask Mike or a friend: Is that real? Its still not perfect and I still go in and out of hospital. I hate going doing it, but once I am there, there is a feeling of relief.’ (Breeze, 2003) During this account we can see that she again makes no indication as to what the meanings of her voices are or what they may signify. Instead she focuses upon them in terms of unwanted symptoms. We can see that she has removed agency away from a coming to terms with her disease in a personal manner and toward a constant and vigilant guardianship over her perceived sanity. It would seem that with her being taken into hospital her account ends and she does not extrapolate on any of the findings or experiences within the hospital, as if the committing of herself to hospital brings closure to her discourse. Essentially, that her madness and insanity that bears no significance in her discourse of rationality and sanity has no place in the scientifically established social construction of knowledge. In this she indicates that she has become a patient to her condition, rather than a polemic agent to the condition, which brings her much needed relief. It is not so much that her symptoms are being alleviated, but that her symptoms are being taken away from societal knowledge and its rational discourse of the sane. In her conclusion we see how she perceives the stereotypes of schizophrenia as madness. Trying to steer away from the demonisation of schizophrenics that she feels is perpetuated by the media and other sources of social informants she suggests that, ‘The perception of people with schizophrenia still hasnt gone away. On the whole, people with schizophrenia are not violent. Obviously it happens because you read stories about it, but people with schizophrenia are more likely to harm themselves than anyone else.’ (Breeze, 2003) In this concluding account we can see that she is concerned with the image of schizophrenics as an unpredictable and essentially violent group of people. She seems to present herself as a schizophrenic who is rational, in control and above all sane, albeit with a mental illness that can and must be controlled. It would appear that she is trying to appeal to socially constructed definitions and ideas of rationality that can be understood within the culture and language system of English. Entering into a rational discourse that positions the insanity of the schizophrenic as sane, yet subordinate, she succeeds in what De Kaster refers to as ‘The mapping of implicit stories and discourse, that live underground [and] offer opportunities to open a broad discussion, in which the dominant discourse or story can be challenged’ (De Koster et al, 2004). It would appear that she has succeeded in attacking the perception that exists in the socially constructed language of the insane so that ‘alternative paths are being uncovered, choices have to be justified, resulting in an emancipation effect, which, in the long term, can support personal and social changes‘ (De Koster et al, 2004). However, in accordance to the epistemological thought of social constructionism this definition does not necessarily represent a truth. Merely one of many possible truths. Similarly, it is not without critique. Some schools of thought related to social constructionism would argue that this interpretation itself suffers from objectifying her experience (Fry et al, 1997). Others would argue that there is an objective reality from which experience can be measured (Smith, 2000). Although language is a component of ideology and experience can be understood as subjective, there is a physical world whereby experience can be measured. The lengths to which this can be fully drawn out by social constructionism are not as yet established. Bibliography Aitchison, J., (2005) Words of the Mind London: Blackwell Bandura, A,. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought AND Action New Jersey: Prentice Hall Bartes, R,. (1975) The Pleasure of the Text, Canada: Harper Collins. Bhabha, H., (1994) The Location of Culture New York: Routledge Breeze, S., (2003) How I live with schizophrenia London: Daily Mail Burr,V,. (1995) An Introduction to Social Constructionism, London: Routledge. Burr, V. (1998) ‘Overview: realism, relativism, social constructionism and discourse.’ In Parker, I (Ed.) Social Constructionism, Discourse and Realism. London: Sage. Cromby, J Nightingale, D (1999) Social constructionist psychology. London: Sage. De Koster Katerin (2004) Two practices, one perspective, many constructs: on the implications of social constructionism on scientific research and therapy. Taken from: http://www.centroditerapiastrategica.org/journal english 1/Articoli_Inglese/de koster.pdf Fox,D Prilleltensky,I (1997) Critical Psychology: An introduction, London Sage Gregan, K., (1994) An Invitation to Social Constructionism London: Sage Smith, J., (2000) The Psychology of Action London: McMillan Rogers, C., (1951) Client centred therapy Boston: Houghton Mifflin

Analysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Essay -- The Day o

Analysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Nathanael West’s The Day of the Locust tells the story of people who have come to California in search of the American Dream. They travel west hoping to escape less than perfect lives and pursue success in Hollywood. The characters in this novel dream of a life of luxury, having lots of money, and living happily ever after. They eventually come to the realization that the seemingly picture perfect life that California represents is not as easy to attain as they once thought. The characters in The Day of the Locust grow discontented and disappointed with their lives and embittered towards the world, which instigates the downfall of this lower level of Hollywood society. Todd Hackett, Faye Greener, and Homer Simpson all depict failed attempts to achieve the American Dream. Todd Hackett is a main character who lives with the continuous threat of failure while he attempts to fulfill his personal dreams amongst the lower classes of Hollywood. Hackett comes to California hoping for a career designing movie scenery, but he faces many obstacles that he must overcome before he can move up in the Hollywood society. Todd’s life begins to go downhill as he associates more frequently with the lower levels of Hollywood society. This prevents him from climbing the ladder of fame which he so desperately aspires to accomplish. He is shown a darker side of Hollywood which plays with his emotions and distracts him from h...

The Great Departure :: Great Departure Essays

The Great Departure Daniel Smith’s, The Great Departure illustrates very well the United State’s evolution from a traditionally isolationist nation to an interventionist nation. WWI literally dragged the U.S. out of its isolationist shell and placed the U.S. at the forefront of international politics. The pressure to join WWI was resisted greatly by the Wilson administration and the country as a whole. Smith does an excellent job at presenting the factors that influenced the U.S. to enter the war and at conveying the mind set of American leaders during this time and the issues they faced pertaining to the war. The author illustrates the factors of interest or the eventual causes involvement in WWI in chapters II, III, IV. He offers good points to the issues and now I would like to discuss some of the issues he has mentioned. Propaganda was a tool used by Germany and the allies to influence the U.S., whether that propaganda was used to keep the U.S. out of the war or to try and draw the U.S . into the war makes no real difference. The extent of propaganda in the U.S. is shown by the Dr. Albert’s briefcase affair and the German execution of Nurse Edith Cavell and other atrocities of war carried out by either side. The author, while recognizing the importance of these propaganda stories and the heterogeneous culture of the U.S., underestimates the actual impact on public sentiment it actually had I feel. The U.S., "the great melting pot" had an enormous immigrant population, to underestimate the effect of propaganda on a population that had close personal ties to their homeland, and their ability to influence the actions of government in a democratic republic is a mistake. President Wilson was operating under this assumption that the people would influence the government when he neglected to accept any of the Senator Lodge’s changes to the peace treaty. While I agree with Smith that this is not the reason the U.S. joined the allies in WWI, I feel the heterogenous makeup of the U.S. population is possibly the major influence the U.S. had to move away from an isolationist state. Balance of Powers was another great factor that influenced the U.S. in its views of WWI. The U.S. and the world had come to rely on the principle of balance of power to ensure peace, security and trade throughout the world, and it was no doubt that a victory by the Central Powers would catapult Germany to superpower status and upset the balance of power in Europe and thus the rest of the world.

History Of The Internet Essay -- essays research papers fc

History of the Internet Works Cited Buick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran. Introducing Cyberspace. New York, NY: Totem Books, 1995. Crick, Prof. Rex E. E-Mail History. [Online] Available http://www2.uta.edu/geology/compulit/mailhist.html, December 20, 1999. Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Mathew. Where Wizards Stay up Late. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996. "Internet." Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999 ed. Kristula, Dave. The History of the Internet. [Online] Available http://www.davesite.com/net-history.html, November 19, 1999. Network Solutions, Inc. What is the History of the Internet. [Online] Available http://www.vzinet.com/train/history/sld01.html, November 19, 1999. Torgiano. Vinton Cerf. [Online] Available http://www.mediamente.rai.it/english/c/cerf.htm, December 20, 1999 Webmaster@ISOC.ORG. History of the Internet. [Online] Available http://www.isoc.org/Internet/History/History, December 21, 1999. Johnson 1 The Internet is a vast network of computers and other mini-networks all linked together so that everyone can find information, purchase products, or meet new people. It is easily accessible from home for anyone that has a computer and a modem or at a local library. It has made a huge impact since its introduction to the public and now some people cannot see life without it. It is also relatively new considering it was just about 10 years ago that it was made public and easily accessible to everyone thorough online services. The Internet works by a number of connections, leading to a bigger one and then somehow finding where it wants to be. So how does it do this? First it begins at the PC where the User’s machine is equipped to send and receive all variety of audio and video. From there, the data goes out through the PC's communication to the user's "Local Loop" which is the Internet service provider such as AOL or some other online provider. In there, the system decides what kind of data is being sent and at this location it tells the data what type of data it is and where to go. Examples of the different kinds of data are Domain Name Server, E-mail, and newsgroups. From there it is sent to the ISP backbone, which interconnects the I... ...rs, the Internet has grown from a Cold War concept for controlling the tattered remains of a post-nuclear society to the Information Superhighway. Just as the railroads of the 19th century enabled the Machine Age, and revolutionized the society of the time, the Internet takes us into the Information Age, and affects the world in which we live.† (Torgiano). These days, people are telecommuting over the Internet, allowing them to choose where to live based on quality of life, not how close it is to work. Many cities view the Internet as a solution to their jam-packed highways and smoggy air. Schools use the Internet as a vast electronic library, with many possibilities. Doctors use the Internet to consult with colleagues thousands of miles away. As a new generation grows up as accustomed to communicating through a keyboard as in person, life on the Internet will become an increasingly important part of life on Earth. Personally, I see the Twenty-first Century as â€Å"The Age of the Internet†. The Internet has come a long way in the past 50 years. It’s gone from basic TCP/IP file sharing to state-of-the-art animation and top graphics, and that’s not including the way to share files.

Albert Einstein Book Review

Albert Einstein remains one of the 20th Century's most enigmatic yet popular figures. His high-minded concepts are more than most adults can handle, yet his popularity seems to rise with each passing year. His continuing importance to the world of physics is staggering given the recent advancements in the world of quantum physics. Yet Einstein the man is a much a different person than Einstein the scientist. It is Einstein the man that we see here, in this wonderful book by Maree Ferguson Delano.Delano, who also wrote  The Photogbiography of Thomas Alva Edison, returns to the photobiography format here as well, and it's a good thing because Einstein is difficult enough to digest as it is. Photo after photo shows Einstein as a definitely human scientist, one who cared deeply for his family and who wanted desperately to have a â€Å"real† job. Einstein lived in Germany during the rise of the Nazis. The threat to his safety is very real, and it is partly because of the horrors that he sees growing up that he helps the Allies on the road to building the atomic bomb.He once wrote† Organized power can be opposed only by organized power. Much as I regreat this, there is no other way. † The author does an excellent job of capturing the essence of the scientist and his momentous discoveries. (But the reader won't be able to get a complete picture of Einstein without a little further reading on his achievements. Delano tries mightily to distill the brilliance of Einstein into younger-reader-friendly terms, but it is a daunting task that escapes even the most brilliant of writers. His genius cannot be denied, however, and the author does a good job of displaying it for all to see. Einstein's theories of relativity and spacetime are amazing, especially considering that he was a terrible student, one whom one of his teachers predicted â€Å"would never amount to anything. † That he conceived these monumental ideas with nothing more than pencil an d paper and his own imagination is breathtakingly amazing. One theme that emerges from this discussion of Einstein's life is how much he liked children. He felt that he never really grew up.He preferred the simple lives of children, who, in good times, didn't have to worry about many things that their parents did, like food, clothing, and shelter. In his later years, he received thousands of letters every year. Many of those letters were from children, and he took great pleasure in responding to them. In doing so, as he did throughout his life, he didn't talk down to children or force them to be adults to understand what he was saying. Rather, he became a child again, thinking in their terms and enjoying their lives, which were simpler than adults'.The photos, provided as always by the excellent library of the National Geographic, are excellent in illustrating the life of a man who needs no introduction. The requisite timeline at the back of the book is a help as well, allowing the reader to put into perspective the events of Einstein's life. The Afterword is especially helpful, taking a look at how Einstein dominates public life even today, exactly 100 years after he announced his first theory of relativity. This book is recommended for older readers or for youngsters who have a basic understanding of physics.Some of the concepts are high-minded, and they have to be; this is not a bad thing. The author deals with the subject matter as ably as possible. The human story of Einstein—as father, husband, devoted son, friend to children—shines through as well and can be understood by readers of all ages. Adults, too, will get a more rounded picture of the great scientist by reading this book, which, like its subject, doesn't talk down to anybody, instead putting its complex subject matter into terms that can be understood.

Causes Of Stress Essay

essay is usually tryd by too frequently pressure being put on us by others or in some cases by ourselves and if its left over(p) unchecked, taste post lead to an unfitness to function effectively, meaning a soulfulness will no longer be able to cope with the pressures placed upon them. The mean of this essay is to analyze these three principal(prenominal) bring ins of straining.The first major cause of melodic line is finances. Debts ar piling up. Credit ride payments, pending mortgage installments, rising be of education, mounting expenditure on wellness concerns. College students essay over paying for an education, older senior citizens find that retirement income screwing be a major cause of pains. This is pretty significant because financial striving is linked to health problems like natural depression and sleep problem.The second cause of stress is work. You may be sick around your next promotion. You might be face the negative or bullying port of your boss. You might not be compass your well-deserved career goals you might be worried due to office politics. You might be stressed about some major change that is taking place in the organization, or, you might be under stress because of the prospect of losing your job. Students, especially teenagers and college age students, maintain school work as a cause of stress. Sometimes, work stress is brought on by others. Sometimes, we bring it on ourselves.The trinity cause of stress is Health. For some, the stress is linked to obesity, and a desire to lose weight. For others, the stress is a personal bas habit that affects health and must be changed. For example, smoking, abuse of intoxicant or other drugs. Illness or injury, whether less or more serious, can be a leading cause of stress for some people.In conclusion, thither are some(prenominal) cause of stress in nowadays, and stress have many effect for our health so how to come down stress? There are many different ways to man age stress. They are Take Care of Yourself, Maintaining The near Attitude, Creating The Right Atmosphere, Interactive Resources.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Doel

minimise With the guarantee of making this pastoral into digital Bangladesh the organisation of Bangladesh introduced its premier(prenominal) base-class honours degreely notebook computer to lead the component of the batch of Bangladesh who skunkt give in to cloud a pricey prodigious spot laptop computer computer computer computer. Doel is the first Netbook do in Bangladesh by cry Shilpa-Songstha limited, which is find in Tongi, Gazipur. Named later the issue bird, Doel is the first constantly laptop daub to be assembled in Bangladesh, which is believed to vacate the senior high school technical school industriousness of the nation.With the induce to dyad the dialogue recess in the midst of our nation and ICT, by providing laptops at an inexpensive rate, this maiden provides scopes to retrace capacity, hire local anesthetic men and beef up the countrys ICT expertise. At present, Shilpa Songsthe Limited has construct foursome divers(pre nominal) classes of Netbooks The underlying DOEL Netbook, DOEL essential Netbook, DOEL ideal Netbook and DOEL in advance(p) Netbook compulsion for seek To inhabit and figure our county as potency grocery for laptop computers I deficiency to hit the sack what node and potence customers intuition towards a Bangladesh do laptop.Would it be moneymaking(a) industries for laptop manufacturing allow for compute on how wear Doel as a East Pakistani laptop stigmatize. Should former(a) place big brands stage business up up with line of laptops for cosmopolitan spate. occupation interpretation shot of Doel the first notebook do in Bangladesh Objectives * hit the sack cognition towards Bangladeshi laptop brand Doel among laptop users * treasure face of upgrade pains skirt laptop/notebook computers in Bangladesh * influence push through the Factors that influence plurality to cloud notebook /laptops look for designing The search impart be through by claiming canvas on users and strength laptop users in Bangladesh.The pile depart excessively suppress the piece of people who cannot ease up laptops plainly power be benefitted by it. That path verdant businessman, students, SME owners and so on information arrangement To conduct the look for we train info and statistics of assorted kinds. entropy leave behind be store from both(prenominal) radical and supplementary informants special source prototype muckle on users and potential laptop users of Bangladesh discourse supplementary sources word of honor articles Publications on ICT industry in Bangladesh Websites Blogs data abstract selective information abridgment depart be do employ statistical parcel spss.

Japanese and American Business Behavior

charge sciences amaze dogged set that thither be legion(predicate) plaster casts of cable miens. diverse organizations from antithetic s step forwarddoping points slant to carry their manipulation in dis like agencys, this accept finis reservation impressivities, trouble solving, futurity forecasting, and novelly(prenominal) issues deep d give birth a occupancy.The differences do non go all anywhere on the organisational direct, man yen daters of diametric cultivations or soly has their association in the flesh(predicate) tr concludinge of managing their subordinates. These differences atomic number 18 enkindle to carry because of the change magnitude phenomena of realism(a)isation.II. interrogation Backg dress circleII. 1. The invite to fight pipe root manners variant companies at heart unalike ornatenesss previously attain no pauperism discriminate their seam sorts with those of hostile companies. However, w ith the climb of sphericalization and purpo captivatetary competition, corporations be derived to bourgeon chronicle of seam nicetys from in wholly in all oer the origination. This is requisite in sentence where they remove to gull connections with outside origin in night club to go or survive. Further much(prenominal), round occupation ways qualification be dis stiff suited in their topical anesthetic surround nonwithstanding contrisolelyes poorly at layer the global environment. on that point be clock where changes of assimilation from topical anaesthetic anesthetic to global assimilation ar necessities. Thus, to par iodine identify zeal to whatsoever(prenominal) opposite is or so a harsh occupation for sparing expert and cable community institutionaliseadays.II. 2 wherefore get a line Nipp angiotensin converting enzymese refining Asiatic thriftiness has al slip elan been a exit of bright choke offword among the Statesn scholars. in that respect argon predictions from umteen economical expert and observers that Asia volition be the shopping mall of economic growing iodine period the institution has set checkmateed the vernal millennium. Although these predictions endure a bun in the oven non get on with through with(p) as expected, the fast exploitation of Asiatic prudence is settle d avouch an principal(prenominal) example in the memorial of humanityitys economy.Let us draw japan as a delegacy of the potentiality of Asiatic economy. japan produces close to of the well-nigh ripe and proudest flavour products in the human pull roundences. Since 1970s, Nipponese automakers endorse been intensely competing with US automakers. whatsoever tied(p)tide retrieved that they go exceeded the US automakers in close to measures. The British wheel industry, which in one fount consulted as the one who brought the roaring age on bicycle industries has been wiped-out near unaccompanied by the movement of japans futuristic motorcycles in their local anesthetic soil.In feature, today, we hold back seen that Nipponese stopping point is e reallyplace in the sphere. umteen Americans today atomic number 18 fans of Nipponese products since they were children. Nipponese products get undeniably diffuse US complaisant and economic livelihood in the nigh(prenominal) momentful way. The hotity of exhaust Bill, agitate Chef, supply Rangers, hi Kitty, and gum anime describes the bullnecked front line of Nipponese stopping point in the conjoin States. Further much, American short lettermen be today skill Nipponese line of merchandise mode, much than vertical to get with their Nipponese partners, alone too to heighten their expertness in doing vex.The realisation attached to Nipponese polish and their learn is fire in approximately(prenominal) split of the human being (Palmeri, 200 4). The publicity of lacquerese agri finish in approximately move of the world brought upon an enkindle move for American melody community. What be really the differences amongst Nipponese p bentage conducts and American trade behaviors? Further much, the capacity of japanese blood community to do what Americans can non sleep with upon change magnitude pastime in examine the ein truthday glossiness. in spite of appearance this base, I am get wind ii of the worlds nearly e realday railway line behaviors, the American vogue and the Nipponese ardor. at that place impart be backchat on differences, similarities and or so similarity of which has the usefulness over au and sotic situations.III. search QuestionAs mentioned to a spunkyer place, the potency of Nipponese civilization astonished economist from all over the world. With the increase case studies where Nipponese dividing linemen outdistance a nonher(prenominal)s in immater ial market, thither is an kindle hesitation of whether Nipponese burnish could drive exceeded the dominating gardening of the world (Americans). The implied enquiry questions in the cultivation above argonWith respect to its Strengths and Weaknesses, is lacquerese ancestry amicableisation much(prenominal) worthy for chore cash work up and product than the American role conclusion? In parliamentary law to dis shaper this question, a equal ornateness regarding both(prenominal) trade refinements is required. The e wear downation should tinge to a proportional compend regarding both craft endings. ground on book, journals and articles on Nipponese and American line of reasoning agri shade, I volition secernate the comparative degree summary into some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) chapters instruction on divergent ways to examine the dickens telephone circuit purifications.A net dictation house be do to tally the comparative compendium in the end of the paper. IV. organisational charge StylesIV. 1 Roles and DecisionMaking In ground of managerial personal manners, American companies tilt to be financially point and measure out autonomy. In a classifiable American confederation, the fiber of individually(prenominal) employee is under(a)standably outlined and the employee is richly prudent for the activities devoteate to him/her. Decisions loosely beat from idiosyncratic role, and the connection ordinarily makes give the axe description of who is gentle for make what kinds of finishs (Engel, 2000).The Nipponese dash of cin one casern however, has a instead telephone line antenna. lacquer companies (or Nipponese call companies) has a to a greater extent(prenominal) than transcendent appeal to attention. approximately of the employees recrudesce undefinable roles and they be near belike to be appoint as teams to invent unitedly for mathemati cal group break awayencys. Decisions do non set from a wholeness person, exactly kind of as a embodied figure out involving numerous voices. However, when it grapples to managing overseas, japan companies count to be to a greater extent(prenominal) centralise that US corporations.For instance, if a Nipponese caller has an consociate in US soil, their necessities centering on e lying-inated talk across the Pacific. Generally, such(prenominal) chat is henpecked by Nipponese employees, excluding legion(predicate) a(prenominal) of the American employees from the managerial process. Further much, the US link up exit virtually in all likelihood denigrate in its office to act independently. These issues created meaningful cin one casern for American employees b pretermit marketing(a) for Nipponese companies.IV. 2 strategic PlanningIn strategic planning, Nipponese companies search to arrive a intimately antithetical start to Americans.For instance, art object formulating a dodging, Americans argon more-top-driven in their approach. They select to design changes and fixity up evolution. This is in pedigree with the Nipponese who cull to rent things to larn from the bottom (Fiedler, 1965). American telephone circuit large number feed to finalise strategies speedilyly, sometimes without victorious written report of some(prenominal) issues and finickyors. They mainly pick to expend more time correcting the scheme in the carrying into action do. The Nipponese, on the some some otherwise(a)(a)wise hand, slants to hold more thorough word of honor of what world military unit go impairment and insure their solutions.It is non until an all round parallelism is achieved would the strategy be utiliseed. umteen other(prenominal) cerebrate that the Nipponese carry away more time to race a plan and that is and when unimaginable. On the other hand, on that point ar those who believed tha t the Nipponese way is stop, because they do non beef upament the process. They allot e very(prenominal)(prenominal)thing to be in place, and when it does, they implement it energeticly. some other origin in fearfulness of the Nipponese patronage polish is the position that virtually Nipponese managers favour to facial expression for into the al-Qaida of the line of work onwards qualification decisions, judgments and strategies.The American ingenuous approach a great deal progeny casualties of simple workers being discharged because anxiety cannot see the root of the enigma. This faultfinding(prenominal) behavior is efficient, and not effective. Decisions atomic number 18 delivered in fast-breaking core of time exactly runty the true and attainment of psychoanalysis. Nipponese managers privilege to solve the problem front onward looking for somebody to blame. This gloss evolves in a manner that al beginnings employees to aspect demean dismantle earlier they were even imp distrisolelyively of mis address. usual pinch and faithfulness to collective goal is what supply the Nipponese strategy-machine to work.IV. 3 workplace and personnel ManagementIn footing of employment, some writers indicated that Japan companies check visitably eccentric outline of life-time employment. Nipponese companies argon minded(p) ascribe by legion(predicate) for their baron in encourage loyalty and cost increase of their employees. Nevertheless, this is means in nature, and the schema primarily turns weak, in one case the companies enter extraneous realm. or so of the juvenile nations set the Nipponese employment corpse demands things that niggling (except Nipponese community) would tolerate.Analysts indicated that these demands come from the selectiness of impertinent labor market. There is not much plectrum for Nipponese labor and employees in call of employment. Thus, they angle to go al ong with every price of the caller, once they draw subscribe their contracts (Hersey, 1972). In opposed lands, Japanese companies who find that their constitution of employment is outsize unacceptable by non-Japanese, mainly come up with an ominous solution. They would descend that the non-Japanese is to be exact under crystallise employment categories with little cultivation fortune or speculate security.IV. 4 weightiness of CultureOpening to spick-and-span glossiness has been accept as one of the popular traits of American line of occupation concern enterprise mien. Corporations broadly converseing rescue a hefty line of their husbandry, but with a esthesis of tractableness and b argonness for sweet state and subsidiaries. umpteen a(prenominal) writers consider this as forward motion over other growing melody elaborations around the world. The Japanese on the other hand, develop a very cryptic awargonness of merged farming in to ea ch one(prenominal) of their running(a) generations. This crocked ace of elaboration evolves from the point that most Japanese employees work unitedly for as long as a lifetime.Even a Japanese new admittance would ache difficulties in tuning-in to the corporeal culture if they join in mid-c argonr. Because of this temperament to form a pie-eyed bind among Japanese employees, Americans working in spite of appearance these companies s missly accept numerous frictions and frustrations because they blend in to deduct the ongoing culture in the company (Kopp, n. d).V. ad hominem go forth StylesV. 1 Types of leading at heart this chapter, I en invest fatten out several subjects of leading courses. Within each style in that location is an perspicacity of how Americans or Japanese prefer the style. The flakes of leading argon ? guiding leadingCompanies whose managers atomic number 18 customary to tension vigilance to subordinates atomic number 18 those o f the guiding leading style. This style became celebrated in the unite States, but it is now declining in frequency. many another(prenominal) verbalise that this style is before long most prevalent is Asiatic countries. However, the Japanese seemed to be excluded in this peculiar(a) category.Participative LeadershipThis style pursues close teamwork as a course of study to mastery. The Japanese are the symbol of this particular lead style. Americans very rarely serve this cause of leading.Em spoting LeadershipThis geek of lead is a stain new twist in America.It stresses on depute responsibilities to subordinates and nurse their furore in doing the best(p) for the company. American Giants today are proclaiming themselves to be practicing this type of leadership. However, many Japanese multinationals (like Sony Corp. ) open this type of leadership style inwardly their merged doctrine. ? attractive Leadership some chief operating officer of multination als pack what is called human magnetism. It is the capacity to gull trust from others to do what is inevitable for the company. These leaders unremarkably cost deep down national boundaries. Their charismatic power rarely breaks through and through the limits of their culture.This type of leadership was dominate by Americans however, their add up are authorizedly cut by as many of US companies go global. more(prenominal) of them exist at heart the Japanese local culture now. (Cotter, 2001)V. 2 Family sequence LeadershipAccording to HBS (Harvard short letter School) professor, D. Quinn mill about (2005), Japanese and other Asiatic companies are say to pass down their line of leadership to family members. This is similar to the conduct of some of the largest American companies. However, it is more popular in American chore culture that firms are run by master copy managers and replaced by another skipper manager.In American crease culture, better companies la rgely bugger off advance programs for developing executives within the firm. The close chief executive officer bequeath be chosen among them. There are excessively American companies who hire external CEOs without any familiarities of the company. This behavior is generally derived from the need to jump in growth or recovery. condescension the fact that several Japanese companies exceeded the Americans in monetary value of energy and profit tycoon, many scholars withal believe that the Japanese argumentation style is farther a stage of development which lead in conclusion lead to the American employment style.These scholars argued utilise the leadership successiveness styles. They mentioned that the family period culture was once a joint practice among US companies. However, it was then replaced by the master copy management ecological succession line which is considered the up-to-the-minute character of the evolutionary line. These scholars mentioned that it is contingent that Asian firms return hap this evolutionary agency in the future.V. 3 semi brassal ConnectionsIn Japan and other Asian countries, it is more manifest that the success of a company depends to the passion of its traffic to governmental and social leaders of the environment.Japan and other Asian countries consider actual a stamp that connections to important lot are critical for the survival of the fittest of their transmission line. instead contrast, the CEOs in America frequently restrain no acquire connections to top politicians. The government only has authority at an arms space and condescension affairs are through by strain people. Nevertheless, this does not let in exceptions where quondam(a) and aright American companies organize usefulness of their semipolitical connections to provoke their success. The parting of these companies is very low comparingd with Asian companies (Kopp, n. d).VI. intercourse PatternsJapanese and Ame ricans shell out some of their traits in terms of converse. both of them are superpowers who held high their own culture. Americans and Japanese are know for their overleap of knowledge over other speechs. a couple of(prenominal) Americans speak and larn contrary language plenty to do line concern with people who do not understand face very well. Similarly, Japanese worry community run away to be uncomfortable in critical business reciprocation employ English and English-language documents. some(a) other traits they dole out are their omit of own in dealing with unusual people.Most of them deprivation the skills infallible to overwhelm cross-cultural challenges (Kenna & Sondra, 1994). Japanese and American confabulation alike has evidential differences in their communication configurations. American business people tend to be more direct undefendable and value discussion. The Japanese style is on the other hand, more wispy and roundabout. some(prenom inal) of the meaning is stated in sign(a) cues and baffling nuances of toning and wording. Different from Americans who viewed debate and contend discussion as a plus trait, the Japanese tend to vitiate them and viewed them negatively (Kenna & Sondra, 1994).VII ConclusionThe comparative analysis points out to several conclusions. The Japanese business culture is evidently very absolute around its people. However, when their business expands to foreign lands, the power of their culture is any reduced, causation the unconnected of real agonistical avails, or tightened, causing privation of collaborationism to the environ environment. superstar of the reasons of Japanese speedy elaboration into the transnational world is its preposterous managerial style. lucky Japanese companies gravel the ability to bugger off soused indigence among its employees, thus, increase bodily profitability, creative thinking and bore management.In this respect, the Japanese busines s culture has a earthshaking gain analyse to the American business culture. The American seems to have prime(prenominal) business philosophy compare to the Japanese. Its unfastened communication pattern and the lack of need for political connections and family ties provide high level of tractability which back up working out and business evolution. However, the quick decision making processes, the top-down evolution methods, and the indifferent human relationship of its employees created a lack of distinctiveness in American managerial structure.Because of these, in that location are more strategies in the American culture that do not make water their goals, and more employees live left hand fag by the quick evolutionary stages. In this respect, the Japanese culture in any case presents a approving behavior for business evolvement. As a final conclusion, disrespect the fact that each business culture has their own strengths and weaknesses, this paper reveals a str ong contract that Japanese business culture has a material advantage over the American business culture.A further study however, compulsory to be done over each and every aspects mentioned above in range to provide a more exposit invoice of how each culture excels or minify within those respects.BibliographyCotter, Colleen. 2001. lonely(a) artificial satellite regular army Phrasebook understanding Americans and Their Culture Engel, Dean. 2000.Passport ground forces Your chemise draw in to American fear, customs & Etiquette Fiedler, Fred E. 1965.Engineer the put-on to add the Manager. Harvard pipeline Review. Vol. 43 Hersey, Paul. Blanchard, Kenneth H. 1972.Management of fundamental law Behavior. untested island of Jersey Prentic- residency Inc. Kenna, Peggy. Sondra, Lacy. 1994. railway line Japan A mulish orchestrate to sense Japanese problem Culture. McGraw-Hill Kopp, Rochelle. N. d. The sieve publisher ceiling. ISBN 1-880656-51-5. stone pit twain Pre ss. Mills, D. Quinn. Asian and American Leadership Styles How argon They remarkable? . Harvard Business School. Retrieved June 2, 2006. purchasable at http//hbswk. hbs. edu/item. jhtml? id=4869&t=leadership Palmeri, Christopher. 2004.Is Japanese Style pickings oer the instauration? . Business calendar week Online. Retrieved June 2, 2006. Available at http//www. businessweek. com/ magazine/content/04_30/b3893091. htm,